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\subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{Metal adsorbates on graphene}{Metal adsorbates on graphene}}
\label{sec:metal_adsorbates_on_graphene}


Metal atoms on graphene, when ionized, can act as a point-charge
impurity to probe a charge response of graphene with the Dirac cone
band structure. To understand the microscopic physics of the
metal-atom-induced charge and spin polarization in graphene, we
present scanning tunneling spectroscopy Metal adsorbates on graphene
STS simulations based on density-functional theory calculations. We
find that a Cs atom on graphene is fully ionized with a significant
band-bending feature in the STS whereas the charge and magnetic states
of Ba and La atoms on graphene appear to be complicated due to orbital
hybridization and Coulomb interaction. By applying external electric
field, we observe changes in charge donations and spin magnetic
moments of the metal adsorbates on graphene.

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