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Microscopic growth mechansim of multi-wall CNTs

We investigated the morphology and structural stability at the growing edge of multi-wall CNTs using ab initio and parametrized calculations. We found that the open-ended structures are stabilized against dome closure by strong covalent bonds connecting the exposed edgs of adjacent walls. Growth at the open edge involves rearrangement of these bonds, which are mediated by carbon atoms bridging the gap and change the tip morphology significantly. Presence of a strong ``lip-lip'' interaction can explain formation of carbon nanotubes under annealing conditions.